第一,课堂教学是完成国家课程标准的主要形式。
国家课程标准是为落实国家教育方针、培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人而制定的具体的教育内容,体现了国家意志。国家课程标准规定了总目标和各学科要掌握的知识、能力和情感、态度、价值观。只有达到了课程标准的要求,才能完成育人的任务。
课程标准的实施关键在教师的课堂教学。课程标准的实施有几个层次:
最高层次是国家课程标准,我们可以称它为理想课程。第二个层次是开发课程,即按照国家课程标准编制的课本。编制课本的专家一方面要充分理解国家课程标准的精神和要求,另一方面要了解教师教学的情况和学生接受理解的能力。第三个层次是实施课堂,即教师的课堂教学。这是把理想课程变为现实的最关键的环节。因此,教师必须认真学习研究国家课程标准和各学科的标准要求,认真上好每一节课,教好每一个学生。优秀的高水平的教师能够充分完成国家课程标准的要求,甚至还可以补充开发课本,弥补课本中的不足。反之,如果课堂教学搞不好,国家课程标准就会落空。如果说还有第四个层次,那就叫习得课程,即学生实际获得的知识和能力,养成必要的价值观和态度。这就取决于教师的课堂教学的水平。可见,其中实施课程,即课堂教学是最重要的环节。
第二,课堂教学是培养发展学生思维的主渠道。
ketangjiaoyubushijiandandichuanshouxiancundezhishi,ershiyaozaijiaoxueguochengzhongdiaodongxueshengdexuexijijixing,yindaoxueshengtansuohesikao,tongguokewendebianxi,peiyangxueshengdesiweinengli。chuantongdeketangjiaoxuewangwangzhishijiaoshitiwen,xueshenghuida,henshaorangxueshengzijitichuwenti,zijitansuoxunqiudaan。youdejiaoshibakewenfenxidehentouche,danxueshengjieshouleduoshaoqueshiyigeweizhishu。zhumingjiaoyujialvxingweishuo,jiaoxueyaorangxueshengfaxianwenti、tichuwenti。faxianwentixuyaosikao;tichuwenti,tebieshitichuyulaoshibutongdeyijian,haixuyaoyoudianyongqi。zheijijuhuashuodehenjingpi。zhiyouhuisikaobingnengtichuwenti,cainengpeiyangxueshengpipanxingsiwei、chuangxinsiweidenengli。lianheguojiaokewenogzhenren2015niandeyanjiubaogao《fansijiaoyu:
xiang“quanqiugongtongliyi”delinianzhuanbian?》zhongtidao,mianlindangqiandeshehuitiaozhan,xuexifangshixuyaogaibian,yaozhongxindingyixuexidegainian。“xuexikeyilijieweihuodexinxi、renzhi、jineng、jiazhiguanhetaidu。xuexijishiguocheng,yeshizheigeguochengdejieguo;xuexijishishouduan,yeshimude;jishigerenxingwei,yeshijitinuli。xuexishiyouhuanjingjuedingdeduofangmiandexianshicunzai。”baogaopipingdangqianguojijiaoyutaolunshizhangkoubikoutanxuexi,“zhuyaoguanzhudeshijiaoyuguochengdejieguo,erwangwanghushilexuexideguocheng。guanzhujieguo,zhuyaoshizhixuexichengji,erhushileduiyugerenheshehuifazhanjuyouzhongyaoyiyidezhishi、jineng、jiazhiguanhetaidu”。xuduoyanjiubiaoming,dangjinshehui,zhankaijingzhengdebushijiqirenbenshen,ershirendetounao。xianzaishehuishangzuiremendezhiye,wunianshinianqianyouxiebingbucunzai,jinhoudebianhuagengshinanyiyuce,zhiyoubuduanxuexi,zhangwobudingshidesiweifangshicainengshiyingshidaidebianhua。yinci,ketangjiaoyuyaobangzhurenmengaibiansiweifangshiheshijieguan。
第三,学习不是个人的事情,学习需要在集体中进行。
OG真人dangqianyouyizhongwujie,renweigexinghuaxuexijiushigebiexuexi、gulideziwoxuexi。qishi,xuexixuyaozaijitihuanjingzhongshengcun。zhengruqianmianjiaokewenogzhenrenbaogaozhongshuode,xuexijishigerenxingwei,yeshijitinuli。ketangjiaoxueshijitixuexizuihaodechangsuo,xueshengzaiketangshangyulaoshi、yutongbanhuxiangtaolun、huxiangqifa,shenzhihuxiangzhenglun,jiunengcujinsiweidefazhanheduizhishideshenkelijie。womenchengrenyeyouzheizhongjingyan,zaizuotanhuishi,tinglebierendefayanhuidedaoqifa,shenzhihuituifanzijiyuanlaidexiangfa。tongshi,zaiyutongbangongtongxuexizhonghainengpeiyangxueshenggoutongdenenglihehezuodejingshen。zheishidangjinshehuizuizhongyaodepinzhihenengli。
第四,课堂教学要靠教师来实施。
jiaoshibujinshizhishidechuanshouzhe、xuexideogzhenrenzhe,erqiejiaoshideyiyanyixingdouzaiyingxiangzhexuesheng。jiaoshizishendezhishimeiliherengemeilidouhuizaiketangjiaoxueguochengzhongzhanxianchulai。biyeshengyoushidaolaohaihuijizhumouweilaoshizenyangshangkedeqingjing。suoyi,lideshurenderenwuyezhuyaotongguoketangjiaoxuelaishixian。
qiangdiaoketangjiaoxue,bingbufoudingkewaihuodong。kewaihuodongkeyifengfuxueshengdeshenghuo,jifaxueshengdexingqu,peiyuxueshengdehezuojingshendeng。tebieshizouchuxiaomen,zouxiangdaziran、zouxiangshehui,keyibaketangxuexidezhishiyingyongyushiji,peiyangshijiannengli,keyizengzhangzhishi、kuodashiye。danbixuzaiketangxuexidejichushang。ruguokechengmeiyouxuehao,yetanbushangzhishiyingyongyushiji,yebukenengzaishijianzhongyoushenkedetihui。yinci,ketangjiaoxueshijichu,shilideshurendezhuqudao。
OG真人dangran,ketangjiaoxuexuyaogaige。zaidangjinxinxihua、shuzihua、shidai,chuantongdeketangjiaoxueyijingbushiyingxingshideyaoqiu。xianzaideertongshixinxishidaide“yuanzhumin”,tamenchushengbujiujiujiechudaoxinjishu,zaiyiyaxueyudeshihoujiuhuiwanshouji、wanpingbandiannao。tamenconggezhongmeitihuoqudezhishikenengchaoguolaoshi。tongshi,ertongshitianshengdechuangzaozhe,tamenfuyouhaoqixin、xiangxiangli。yincidangqianketangjiaoxuegaigedehexinshibajiaoshidejiaozhuanbianweixueshengdexue。yaochongfengujixueshengdeqianli,fahuitamendeqianneng。jiaoshiyaochongfenrenshixinxijishudegexinghua、kaifangxing、hudongxing、xingquxingdetedian,danshiyeyaoyishidao,chulibuhao,xinxihuahuidailaifumiandeyingxiang。jiaoshiyaoshanyuqiadangdiliyongzheixietedianlaigaibianketangjiaoxuedemoshihefangfa。